Bogomil doctrine on the migration of the soul

Furthermore traditional beliefs of our ancestors have a very strong impact on the century long spiritual reflections therefore we shouldn't disregard if we wish to get an overall impression.  

Remnants of the old Illyrian-Bogomil beliefs are still present in tradition of Bosnian people therefore we come across folk notions which are complete opposites of what the Islamic tradition teaches. According to sayings of the older population souls of people that committed grievous sins during their lifetime, tortured and killed innocent, will not end up in hell but will be reborn in a body of an animal, usually domestic, such as a horse, cow, pig. in order to serve people and to amend their evils. The worst punishment, it is believed, is to be born in the body of a swine, since it is considered to be, because of its filth and tendency to eat its young, a demonic animal. That's why the human soul rarely frees itself of that damned form.

This belief of our people has spawned some humane habits towards animals, especially towards dogs, which is proven by some written records. In the past people from Sarajevo were prone to feeding stray dogs out of fear that some of them might harbour human souls. Still today it is considered to be a good dead to feed a bitch that just had puppies, Antun Hangi also wrote about this in his work on the life of Bosniaks. Belief  that the human soul is inside animals, especially domestic, is evidenced by traditional warning statement: "An animal doesn't know how to forgive!" This suggested that humans should treat animals correctly and with care "since you never know which one of them is harbouring a human soul!"

White colour - symbol of sorrow

While mourning a dead family member, women avoided wearing red coloured clothes, white clothes was worn exclusively. Black was never worn since it was considered a sin. Women would, equally, take off all the jewellery and wouldn't wear it for the next 40 days, and some didn't wear jewellery for a year or two. During the time of mourning none of the family members can organize a wedding or goes to one if invited; there is no singing and no joy. During Eid a ram is sacrificed for the soul of the deceased. If the deceased appointed by his will for a ram to be slaughtered, then all the meat needs to be given to the poor, while in other instances only the blood goes for his soul, and the meat can be eaten by the members of the household. There was a custom in Sarajevo that the left side of the sacrifice is distributed to the poor and the right is left to the family. In Jajce on the eve of Eid, halvah and bread were distributed for the "soul of the dead". In Bihać on the eve of both Eid's people would bring halvah and pies in front of the mosque, they would be then distributed to the children "for the soul of the deceased". For the forgiveness of the sins of the deceased it was customary to distribute "čagate" (kefaret) i.e. money wrapped in paper with which a person can provide a meal for themselves.Čagete was distributed during the first seven days after the funeral, seven čageta for seven poorest households in the neighbourhood or for forty days.
Karl Steiner, doctor from Ljubinja, in his work Bosnian folk medicine, notes that Bosniaks do not consider as something horrible, instead every Friday, and often other days, they gladly gather in graveyards for conversation and rest, which the author considers as proof of great respect towards their ancestors. The interesting thing is that the author highlights that there is no sorrowful mood with the gathered people, instead everyone is feeling relaxed and especially with the young. Bosniaks even have a very special custom to make small dents on the gravestones in order to gather rain water for the birds but also leave food for them .
Connecting birds with the dead i.e. graveyards is not a coincidence since the bird besides being a mythological personification in Bosnia of the soul, her symbolism is much greater and leads us to the Illyrian religious belief in which birds which pulled carriages of the sun god, are mentioned, the same god which is born each day in the "east" and dies in the "west". It is obvious that are ancestors considered birds as souls, holly animals, which has a foothold in Bogomil teachings that it is a deadly sin to kill animals and especially birds and to destroy their eggs.
Respect towards the dead is an integral part of Bosnian spiritual tradition since the old days. Passing by graveyards old people still today preserved a habit to utter El-Fatiha for the dead; first for god's messenger Muhammad, then for the deceased and in the end for all of the dead.

How homosexualism was created in the Balkans

It is known from history that the ancient Greeks were a people which valued bisexuality and anal sex, which was later adopted by the Romans. This resulted in a large number of Greeks enjoying in same sex relationships openly and without prejudice. It is interesting that Herodotus in his public address in the Athenian Agora, where he openly spoke about the hatred towards the Mesopotamia's civilization, skilfully avoided to mention that the Greeks offered their young for sexual services to the Persians" Greek people did not find this act humiliating for their national pride, in fact, they represented it as their civilizations reach?! This trend was taken over by the Romans, and during the time of the Roman Empire there was a rule that every prominent and married Roman which cared about himself and his reputation, had a young lover.

Serbs because of the made up stories and thesis about their national origin, which range from them being direct descendants of Jesus Christ all to the theories of them coming from Atlantis or even space, made them a target of laughter and mockery by the neighbouring countries for decades. But, there are interesting details about this people which they are trying to hide or which they do not want to be presented to the wider public since, allegedly, seriously damages their reputation?! When we take into consideration that they are the people that committed genocide and lead the aggression on four neighbouring countries in the last decade of the twentieth century and performed ethnic cleansing, it is difficult to speak of any sort of reputation. But, lets return to a historical and documented fact which reveals how Serbs, along with the Greek and the Romans, are originators of homosexualism in this part of Europe.

Serbian historian and ethnologist Milenko F. Filipović about the traditional habits of the Serbs towards homosexualism writes the following: "Particular part of male dress among the orthodox members (for the others I couldn't gather information) until about 1800 was "nakurnjak" (loin cloth). There was a custom that the bride among her items brings a loin cloth for the groom. Loin cloths were woven and worn when people went from Visoko to work as hired coachmen. It was worn to protect the scrotum and penis from the cold. If someone would have urine frozen in his penis because he was not wearing a loin cloth, from that accident, which was followed by great pain, one would be saved if someone would suck his penis or in Serbian - "izdoji" ledenicu (suckling icicle). From the book "Life and folk customs in Visočka nahija" page 60.

Bosanski teritorij na karti o periodu iz 7. vijeka prije nove ere!

Karta Bosanskog tla iz 7 vijeka prije pojave Ise – Isusa Hrista, objavljena je u okviru kulturološkog predstavljanja Evrope, izdanje Francuske Nacionalne biblioteke u Atlasu “EVROPA KROZ VIJEKOVE”. Na vrhu lijevo, ove karte, stoji “ALTERE EISENZEIT 700 – 450 v. Chr.” Sami natpisi su starog Duch jezika, staronjemačkog – mada se danas ova dva jezika, Duch i Deutsch, dobro razlikuju radi pretrpljene modernizacije Njemačkog jezika. Teritorija Bosne označena je natpisom “BOSNISCHE” i zahvata geografsko područje od Jadranskog mora pa do u dubinu kopna dijelova današnjih drzava Bosne, Hrvatske, Srbije i dijelove teritorije Crne gore. Ako ovu kartu usporedimo sa kartom lokacija otkrivenih stećaka, one se potpuno podudaraju. Još je nešto veoma interesantno. U susjedstvu se pojavljuju natpisi Illyici, Hallstatty, Kullur.
U vrijeme kad povampirene snage, kako vanjskog neprijatelja tako i unutrašnjih izdajnika, nastoje da realizuju, na lažima strpljivo ispredanu, historiju Bosne zapjenjenih mučkova raznoraznih akademskih znanja, a posebno uljuljkanih lažohistoričara, u lice im bacamo ovaj dokument. Dokaz i izazov.

Kartu koja dokazuje da Bosna živi preko 2700 godina ili 27 vjekova. Pileći mozgovi skloni prepisivačinama domaćih zadataka i izvrtanjima napisanih nagađanja prema ćeifu naručioca, kitili su se oreolima znanstvenika ili neprikosnovenih akademskih veličina. Ogledalo istine pokazuje i dokazuje njihov karakter i suštinu.
Ko je rođen, živio i živi na Bosanskom tlu? Doseljenici, varvari, lažovi, krivotvorci, krivokletnici – ili Bosanski narod! Iako genetika dokazuje da se Bosanski čovjek razlikuje od izmišljenih nadrinaroda, laži i zataškavanja imaju za cilj sakriti istinu. Bez obzira čime se laz služila, ona je nemoćna pred istinom.
Lahko je ubijediti neuka Balkanca da je “sir nastao od snijega”, ali je teško sakriti tu laž od onih koji se drže prirodnih zakona i logički postavljaju pitanja ne mireći se sa tabu temama. Zakon materije i energije izrečen riječima “sve to što jeste, što je bilo kada bilo, ili što će bilo kada biti – nije nastalo iz ništa. Niti to što jeste, može da se pretvori u ništa”, zasvrbi žednog znanja i prirodno logičnog objašnjenja.
Bosna, geografski smještena kao raskrsnica puteva ali poprište borbe različitih kultura, ideologija, vjera, ekonomskih i vojnih sila, kroz svoju dugu historiju paljena, pljačkana, osvajana ali nikad porobljena, pretrpila je ogromne i neprocjenjive materijalne, kulturne i historijske štete. Iz nje su nosili historijsku i kulturnu baštinu šakom i kapom, osvajači, prijatelji i komšije. Iza sebe su ostavljali krvavu zemlju, pustoš i laž.
Upravo na tim lažima, vjekovima je pisana historijska priča, prema željama i apetitima naručilaca. a kako to vjernici kažu da zadovolje svoju dušu, “Bog je bio uvijek na strani istine i pravde”, tako su i dokazi o Bosni strpljivo poput stećaka čekali svoje vrijeme istine.

Istina o Bosni tek se počinje obznanjivati. Fascinantna i neprikosnovena. Počev od revolucionarnog otkrića Bosanskih piramida do obznanjivanja karte o postojanju “termina i teritorije” Bosne. Ono što je posebno interesantno, ova karta objavljena je u zemlji koja se nije pokazala baš kao veliki prijatelj Bosne i Bosanaca, ali je nemoćna da prikrije istinu kako zbog same sebe, tako i zbog drugih oko sebe.
Senad Sprečić

Pokrenimo inicijativu da Srebrenica postane distrikt!

Predlažem da se pokrene inicijativa da Srebrenica postane distrikt, posebno sada kada je Amerika donijela rezoluciju o genocidu kao i Europa. Sada je pravi trenutak, posebno zato što je to sveto mjesto stalno pod prijetnjom Dodika o nekakvom referendumu o ocjepljenju. Mada je nešto takvo tehnički nemoguće jer republika srpska postoji samo u sastavu BiH, treba iskoristiti Dodikove prijetnje protiv njega. Ko mu je kriv kad stalno priča gluposti. Srebrenica ne može i ne smije biti pod nadzorom upravo onih koji su je načinili mjestom najvećeg genocida nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.

Vučić napadnut, pa šta onda?

Danas se desila sasvim normalna reakcija u Potočarima, kada je došao predstavnik svinja koje negiraju genocid u Srebrenici kao i agresiju na BiH. I zamislite, umjesto da se postidi i kaže: "Zaslužio sam ja i gore, jer mi smo bili nemilosrdni prema Bošnjacima koje smo bjesomučno ubijali" on ti glumi žrtvu?! Da su tad ovako četnici bili nježni kao tratičnice ne bi se etničko čišćenje ni desilo. Dok god Srbija ne plati ratnu odštetu BiH, dok se god ne pohvataju i zatvore svi ratni zločinci, dok postoji Dodik i njemu slični neće biti ni pravde ni mira. Srbija treba puno toga uraditi ako želi dobre odnose sa vlastima u Sarajevu i općenito bosanskim narodom. Zato je svako pričanje o nekakvom pomirenju i pružanju ruke bezvrijedno laprdanje za javnost. Još uvijek nema od Srbije ni iskrenosti ni kajanja. Zato je najbolje Srebrenicu proglasiti distriktom i iz nje udaljiti one koji su krivi za genocid. To bi bio prvi korak ka normalizaciji odnosa. A nakon njega treba još napraviti koraka uz dužno poštovanje prema bosanskom narodu koji je bio najveća žrtva projekta Velika Srbija.

Srebrenica 1995 - 2015

Srbi, vi ste zvijeri, neljudi, čudovišta, monstrumi.... Kako god da vas nazovem premalo je i nedovoljno da vas opišem. Vas, gnjusne spodobe, koje je izrodila majka svinja negdje u bespućima Karpata i koje su neki gospodari doveli kao roblje na Balkan. Prokleti bili i oni i vi!! Prokleti koji vas dovedoše i zauvijek zatrovaše vašim robovskim primitivizmom i mržnjom prema svemu. Proklete bile i Osmanlije što vas sve ne istrijebiše i tako ne spasiše druge od vaše zlobe i otrova. Proklet bio i Gavrilo Princip, taj terorista, koji je glavni krivac za početak Prvog svjetskog rata, za milione mrtvih. Prokleti bili, progutao vas mrak, pojeli vas ti vaši demoni koji ste puni, vi djeco svinje, vratite se u pakao iz kojeg ste došli!!!

Danas je 20 godina od genocida u Srebrenici. Zamislite koliko je u jednoj godini dana i noći, i onda pomislite koliko dana i noći majke Srebrenice plaču, pate, umiru.

Zamislite osjećaj kad više ne možeš ni plakati a bol nije prošao, tu je u grudima, ta bolna praznina koja ti ne dopušta ni da pravilno dišeš.

Takva vam je bol svih bošnjački majki, supruga, braće, djece kojima je četnička pogan oduzela najmilije. Došli su iz Srbije, Crne Gore, Hrvatske, ko zna više odakle, da ubijaju i muče narod po Bosni. Niko ih nije zvao, sami su došli povedeni izjavom Radovana Karadžića, tog povampirenog luđaka, "kako će muslimani nestati u Bosni". Izrekao je to početkom te 1992.godine u Skupštini BiH znajući već unaprijed kako je plan agresije i etničkog čišćenja bio davno pripremljen u Beogradu. Prvo su napali Hrvatsku kako bi zauzeli svu teritoriju oko Bosne i Hercegovine, uz njenu granicu, i stvorili uslove za veliko etničko čišćenje. Sjetimo se, u početku su govorili Srpska republika Bosna i Hercegovina. Kako se to može nazivati srpskom republikom kad taj narod nije nikad bio većina u njoj, osim ako se ne misli etničkim čišćenjem i genocidom upravo to napraviti?

I onda je počelo. Spisak je dug: Zvornik, Bratunac, Bijeljina, Višegrad, Foča, Sarajevo, Brčko, Bihać, Prijedor.... Spisak je dug i prepun ubijanja, mučenja, silovanja, osakaćivanja, pljačkanja. Sve su to oni radili, bez imalo ljudskosti i obzira. Sa puno mržnje, uvjereni da imaju pravo na to. A onda, između svih tih užasa i nezamislive patnje, desila se Srebrenica. Tu nije ubijeno samo preko 8.000 Bošnjaka. Ne, tu je ubijena svaka nada za mir, oprost, nadu. Tu je ubijena cijela Europa jer nakon tog genocida povijest Europe se izmjenila. Tu je ponovo oživio nacizam, ovaj put onih balkanski nacista, koji su sami sebe prozvali nebeskim narodom, baš kao i nacisti, i koji su zbog svojih halucinacija ubijali druge. Sjetimo se izjave " za jednog ubijenog Srbina ubiti sto Bošnjaka!" Zar to nije bila i Hitlerova naredba?! Da, to su nacisti, to je ona svastika, onaj kukasti križ, koji se samo malo promjenio u četiri slova S, ali neodoljivo podsjeća na svastiku. Sve je to isto. Srbi, to su balkanski nacisti, Beograd je Berlin, leglo zla i nacizma. Previše je sličnosti da bi se moglo ignorirati.

Sjetimo se, bar danas, balkanski nacizam nije mrtav! On još uvijek postoji u onim retardiranim pokretima sa tri prsta koja zapravo predstavljaju svinjsku šapu, jer oni su djeca svinje, koja čak i ispuštaju životinjske zvukove kroz ono breeeee. Da, svaki put kad čujete to kozje breketanje znajte da su upravo ti ubijali po Bosni. I da su ti naši vječni neprijatelji. Nikad oprostiti a kad tad vratiti! Vječna slava domovini Bosni i vječni mir majci Srebrenici!

Srebrenica 2015 - put bola i ponosa

Dvadeset godina tuge... Čije to srce može podnijeti? Koliko moraš biti hrabar, koliko moraš biti jak da samo dišeš u svom tom bolu. Kada upitate neku majku iz Srebrenice "Kako si?", skoro svaka kaže:" Još uvijek dišem!" O Srebrenici će se govoriti i pisati decenijama. To je užas koji se ne može nikada ispričati do kraja. I kada jednog dana polože zadnji žrtvu genocida u mezar, ništa se neće promjeniti. Jer, previše boli! I neće biti mira ni spokoja dok se ne desi pravda, onoliko koliko je to moguće.

Svake godine oni koji su preživjeli agresiju, etničko čišćenje i genocid doživljavaju još jednu agresiju, još jedan genocid, ovaj put njihovog ponosa i duše, jer isti oni koji su ubijali i sprovodili zločine po Bosni i Srebrenici pokušavaju osporiti svoja zvjerstva. Dok su klali, ubijali, silovali po BiH bili su to veliki Srbi, nebeski narod, četnici od rođenja, uz parolu "i Bog je Srbin!", ponosili su se svakim novim zločinom koji su činili danima, sedmicama, mjesecima, godinama po Bosni. Da, dobro ste pročitali - dičili su se opisima koji je od njih ubio više bosanske djece, nevine mladeži, koji je od njih silovao djevojčicu, djevojku, nečiju kčerku, sestru, majku... Danas ti neljudi, te zvijeri, izopačeni umovi odjednom prestali su biti veliki Srbi i veliki ratnici te postali ono što su uvijek bili - kukavice, ljudski otpad i lažovi.

Pravi ratnici diče se svojim djelima, pa makar ona bila i zlodjela, i ne kriju se iza laži i nemaju iznenadnu amneziju. Danas nas isti ti krvnici źele uvjeriti kako su oni žrtve, a da su se Bošnjaci u Srebrenici sami međusobno poubijali. Za njih ne postoji genocid jer valjda po srpskom shvatanju da su uspijeli pobiti sve Bošnjake onda bi se to mogao zvati genocidom. Toliko zla u jednom narodu nije viđeno čak ni kod nacista koji su, nakon genocida nad Židovima, uvidjeli i priznali zlo koje su uradili. Ali ovi balkanski nacisti ni nakon dvadeset godina ne mogu pogledati istini u oči. A zašto? Zato što ako priznaju sami sebi šta su bili u stanju učiniti nevinom narodu morat će priznati sebi da su neljudi, zvijeri u ljudskom obličju. No, koliko se god trudili ne mogu pobjeći od toga, jer krv Srebrenice i krv Bosne tamna je sjena nad njima.

Iza svake Fatihe za mrtve u Srebrenici, iza svake suze za ubijanim po BiH treba dodati: "Srbi, prokleti bili, prokleti bili dok postojite! Nema oprosta za vas! Dabogda se raspadali, dabogda vam Srebrenica bila u kući, dabogda vas vaše zlo ubilo!"

Ni Bog nema milosti prema onima koji ubijaju nevine, bespomoćne, zato ih kunite i proklinjite svaki dan. Bog čuje i Bog će ispuniti našu molbu.

Duh, duša i smrt u bosanskoj tradiciji

Smrt, koja predstavlja kraj života, vjerovatno je glavni „krivac“ zbog čega se kod ljudske civilizacije pojavila potreba za vjerovanjem u nadnaravno. Neobjašnjiv strah od tog čudnog stanja, i općenito panika od nestanka, kod ljudi na cijeloj zemaljskoj kugli stvarala je od najranijeg vremena frustraciju i vječno pitanje - zašto se rađamo i umiremo? Iako ni danas ne znamo odgovor na to pitanje, ipak smo se kao civilizacija potrudili ispuniti svijet oko sebe mnogim stvarima kako bi u svoje kaotično okruženje unijeli neki red i time svemu dali određeni smisao.
Zbog toga čovjek izmišlja religiju, njegova neobuzdana mašta stvara veliki broj nadnaravnih bića koja ga okružuju, i unatoč mnogim ljudskim karakteristikama, ipak u sebi imaju određenu uzvišenost koja ih dijeli i razlikuje od svijeta ljudi. Kroz vijekove religija doživljava svoj stalni trend, nadograđuje se, prilagođava ljudskom napretku i napokon u starom Iranu dobija svoje današnje lice kroz dualizam perzijanca Manesa te proroka Zaratustre, na čijim se načelima rađa monoteizam – pravac koji nas pokušava uvjeriti u apsurd odnosno kako je moguće da u univerzumu postoje dva načela – dobro i zlo, ali da je samo jedno načelo glavno a drugo manje bitno?!
Zbog takve pogrešne religijske ideje u Bosni i Hercegovini oko desetog vijeka, a vjerovatno i mnogo prije, munjevito se širi revolucionarni religijski pravac koji ozbiljno narušava tvrdu kršćansku doktrinu, on propagira da svijetom, ali i univerzumom, vladaju dva ravnopravna božanstva između koji egzistira čovjek i njegova primarna duhovna misija da očisti svoju dušu od grijeha i, nakon smrti, vrati je na nebo. Takva tvrdnja je prilično racionalna, ukoliko uzmemo u obzir definiciju da je prema principima kvantne fizike sva materija ustvari zbijena energija te da smo upravo zbog toga svi mi energetska bića ili bića svjetlosti, na što nas upućuje tradicijsko vjerovanje u duh i dušu, koje posjeduje svaki čovjek.
No, da bi umrli moramo se roditi, osjetiti život bar na trenutak, kako bi naš duh i naša duša mogli postići svoju ravnotežu, jer bez toga poravnavanja sa dva univerzalna načela, ili sa dva božanstva naših predaka Bogumila, ne možemo se upustiti u avanturu zvanu smrt. Narodna mudrost tvrdi da je duh predstavnik boga zla a duša, čista i sveta, zastupa boga dobra u nama. Dok duh ima mogućnost da uglavnom noću, dok čovjek spava, iziđe iz tijela i putuje svijetom ali i izvodi neke čudne, često i loše stvari, i dovodi nas u razna iskušenja, duša je čvrsto fiksirana za ljudsko tijelo i nema mogućnost izlaska iz njega sve dok ne nastupi smrt.

Duh

Duh i duša kao dva apstraktna pojma zapravo su temeljna okosnica cijele duhovne niti koja se provlači kroz ljudski rod od njegovog postanka. U bosanskim mitološkim vjerovanjima izuzetno je dominantna ideja sličnog, skoro identičnog, prikazivanja nekoliko nadnaravnih aspekata samog čovjeka. Naime, kada analiziramo neke segmente tradicionalnih predstava o ljudskom duhu i duši, koji se često dovoljno ne razliku u narodnim predajama pa izazivaju konfuziju, jasno se uočava pomalo divlja narav onoga što prema mitološkoj predodžbi čini samu esenciju svakog čovjeka.
Dok se u klasičnoj europskoj mitologiji duh, ali i duša, predstavljaju prozračnim bijelim siluetama, koje u ljudskom obliku lebde zrakom ili se naglo pojavljuju i nestaju, u bosanskoj predstavi duh najviše podsjeća na energetsku lopticu čiji oblik ima zapanjujuću sličnost sa mišom. Pojedine mitološke predaje izgled duše opisuju kao “plod jabuke” odnosno takav opis nas zapravo i asocira na svjetlosnu lopticu koja izlazi iz rupe (usta) i kreće se brzim koracima po površini, ispuštajući zvukove slične ciktanju miša. Ovakvom usporedbom stiče se dojam kako je ta energija nemirna i nervozna, odnosno neobuzdana, što dokazuje i svojim izlascima iz ljudskog tijela.



Miš nije nimalo slučajno izabran za životinju totema jer se koristi i pri opisima drugih nadnaravnih zbivanja, usko povezanih sa samim čovjekom. Neki od primjera su sljedeći:
Miš je u narodnoj priči o Nojinoj Arki izuzetno negativan lik koji je htio grizući rupu u podu pustiti vodu unutra i tako uništiti sav živi svijet. U toj bi namjeri sigurno i uspio da ga na vrijeme nije spriječila zmija. Zapravo, miš je inkarnacija zla, demon koji teži uništenju čovječanstva.
Snijet, koja se u mitologiji BiH smatra plodom zmajskog općenja sa ženom, opisuje se kao malo dlakavo stvorenje, najsličnije krtici ili mišu, koje čim iziđe iz žene bježi i cikti, penjući se čak i po zidovima sobe u strahu da ga ne dotakne ljudska ruka, ili još gore, da ga prisutne žene ne ubiju metlom.
U egzorcističkim seansama bosanskih derviša i hodža, u ritualu poznatom pod nazivom “skupljanje daire”, finalni znak uspješne izvedbe, obično izlječenja nekog psihički oboljelog čovjeka, jeste obješeni ili mrtvi miš na obližnjoj ćupriji. Time se od strane džina ljudima signalizira da je džin-napadač kažnjen najgorom mogućom kaznom.

Sveprisutna bogumilska tradicija

Ljudski duh je vrlo nemiran. Kada čovjek spava duh iziđe iz njega i onda šeta. Čovjek sanja kuda duh prolazi, a kada se on vrati u tijelo, od tog energetskog naboja čovjek se naglo probudi. Duh se u bosanskoj mitologiji opisuje kao eterična pojava koja skiči. Kao i za dušu i za ljudski duh most predstavlja vrlo snažnu barijeru i onemogućava mu daljnje kretanje, naime, čim u svojim noćnim putovanjima duh naiđe na most on ne može da ga pređe, pa se uznemiri i cikti, vrišti. Kada bi neko uhvatio tog miša od ljudi, onaj spavač čiji je to duh odmah bi umro. 

Most u mitološkoj predstavi bosanskog naroda predstavlja energetski vrlo jako mjesto, koje osim što spaja dvije obale na materijalnom nivou, na onom duhovnom ima značenje spiritualnog portala kroz koji duša prolazi ili stradava na svom putu.

Prema vjerovanju iz sjeverozapadnog dijela BiH naročito je nemiran dječiji duh, baš poput samog djeteta nemiran je i vječito raspoložen za pokret i igru. Svjesne toga i danas stare žene upozoravaju mlade majke kada premještaju usnulo dijete sa jednog mjesta na drugo ili ga bude da to učine krajnje pažljivo, zovući ga po imenu te povuku malo za vrh nosa. Ako se dijete teže budi onda skupe usne i povuku zrak u sebe imitirajući zvuk miša (ccccc) kako bi tim zvukom privukle pažnju odlutalom duhu i natjerale ga na povratak u tijelo. U protivnom, ako bi se dijete probudilo a duh se nije vratio riskiralo bi da oboli fizički i psihički.

I za odraslu osobu se tvrdi da se ne smije naglo probuditi, jer njen duh je negdje daleko, putuje po cijelom svijetu. Navodno bi takav čovjek mogao fizički napasti, početi udarati, onog ko ga budi u to nezgodno vrijeme. U tom slučaju potrebno je dotičnu osobu odvesti na ono mjesto gdje je spavala, da opet tu legne, i ostane tako sve dok se sama ne probudi. Ako se tako ne napravi, vjeruje se, da bi ta osoba mogla imati psihičkih problema sve do kraja svog života.

Kako se u bosanskom narodu pripovijeda, prema bogumilskom načelu, ljudski duh pripada bogu zla a duša bogu dobra. Zbog toga se misli da vještice i čarobnjaci, da bi se uopće mogli baviti magijom i vladati nevidljivim silama, moraju svoju dušu predati Iblisu ili nekom drugom rangiranom džinu. To urade ritualnim putem, najčešće odnošenjem svete knjige Kur'an u toalet i vršeći nuždu nad njom. Zbog toga je duša svjesno razmjenjena za određenu moć zarobljena i više ne pripada onom čovjeku u kojem je već vladaru tame.

Nakon takvog dešavanja, i narušene ravnoteže dobra i zla, ljudski duh u tijelu vještice ili čarobnjaka postaje izrazito moćan ali i zloban te u stanju činiti razna nedjela. Dok vještica spava, iz nje iziđe duh, a tijelo joj dobije plavu boju i postane hladno, baš kao da je umrla, što je posljedica zarobljene duše. Usta joj se jako otvore a usne dobiju crnu boju.

Smatra se da je i duh običnog čovjeka sposoban u svojim noćnim lutanjima po svijetu činiti neke loše stvari, poput da napadne nekoga koga putem susretne ali i ovaj duh, kao i vještičiji, izbjegava prelazak preko bilo kojeg mosta na koji naiđe na svom putu.

Slično vjerovanje postoji i u iransko-arapskom okultizmu gdje se tvrdi da svaki čovjek posjeduje svog astralnog dvojnika. Haamzad ili Qarin je naziv džina koji prati stalno prati čovjeka i pokušava na razne načine negativno utjecati na njegovu svijest i ponašanje. Qarin je jedini džin koji se ne može uništiti egzorcizmom ili na neki drugi način.

 

Duša povezana sa halalom

Duša je nositelj ljudske sudbine. U BiH se vjeruje da Allah u prvi 40 dana od začeća u majčinoj utrobi odredi kakva će mu biti sudbina i život tog djeteta odnosno budućeg čovjeka. Zbog toga se i smatra da tek onda kada duša uđe u embrion on se može razviti u fetus i početi sa svojim formiranjem.

Kada je neki čovjek teško bolestan dolaze mu rođaci i komšije da se sa njim oproste – halale, kako bi mu se olakšale samrtne muke. Oprost je vrlo važan segment islamske tradicije, kojim se pokazuje milosrđe ali i osigurava lakši izlazak duši iz tijela. Naime, onaj bolesnik kojem neko kome je on u životu naudio neće to da oprosti, vjeruje se, umire uz velike muke i bolove. Njegovi roditelji, ukoliko su živi, treba da se nad njim oproste i time utješe bolesnika u njegovim zadnjim trenucima.

Koliko je halal nophodan za spokoj duše najbolje opisuje i narodna pjesma. Zaova umirući prokune nevjestu Alibegovicu. Dođe vrijeme da i nevjesta umre, ali se ne može sa dušom rastaviti, zato zamoli da je nose u turbe zaovi:

Kad su bili na domak turbeta,
iz turbeta sitan avaz dođe:
prokletinju ne nosite amo,
dok je dosta ne ubije jada!

Nosili je u goru, gora je nije primala, nosili je u vodu, voda je iz sebe izmetala. Pa opet je donesu zaovi. Čim joj zaova halali, odmah se sa dušom rastavi. Koliko Bošnjaci do halala drže, svjedoči široko rasporstranjen adet da onaj kome neko učini nepravdu kaže: „umrijet ću, halalit ti neću!“

Bosanski narod vjeruje da je oslobođen svih grijehova onaj ko umre uoči petka ili na Bajram, jer tada, vjeruje se, umiru samo plemenite osobe. Predznaka smrti je mnogo. U Velikoj Kladuši se vjeruje da kada star čovjek počne biti prljav, više ne pazi na osobnu higijenu, ili mu neko omiljeno jelo ili piće postane mrsko, vjeruje se, da mu se približila smrt. Isto tako, narod veliko povjerenje pridaje i tumačenju snova jer kroz njih se može predvidjeti skora smrt neke osobe. U snu vaditi zub i pri tom osjetiti bol, znak je smrti u kući, a ukoliko se bol ne osjeti onda će se smrt desiti u široj rodbini. Ne smatra se povoljnim u snu orati ili kopati i, općenito, prevrtati zemlju, ili u snu vidjeti da je zemlja puknula, raspukla se na nekom mjestu, pošto sve to najavljuje smrt u familiji. Isto značenje ima u snu utonuo temelj kuće ili pali rogovi (grede) sa krova. Takvi se snovi nerado govore i otkrivaju zbog straha da se ne ostvare. Najčešće se kao kontra mjera govori:” San je laža a Bog je istina” ili, pak, “Hej, vala, neka je, hvala Allahu!”

 

Azrail

Prema tradicionalnom vjerovanju duša i tijelo u toku ljudskog života čine cjelinu. Ako duša zauvijek napusti tijelo – nastaje smrt. Tijelo će se sa vremenom raspasti i nestati, a za dušu se vjeruje da je vječna i besmrtna. Duša ne može nestati, ali tokom vremena mjenja svoje stanište i odlazi u neki nepoznati svijet koji se naziva Ahiret ili drugi svijet. 

Duša ne napušta sama tijelo već uvijek intervencijom meleka Azraila koji se u bosanskoj mitologiji zamišlja kao mršav muškarac, sa dugačkim rukama i krilima. Umjesto noktiju ima kandže, kao ptica, kojima čupa ili vadi dušu.
Opće je vjerovanje da duša postepeno izlazi iz tijela, jer je omotana oko svakog zgloba 99 puta, na nos i usta. Samo kod obješenog čovjeka duša ne može da iziđe na ovaj način, već kroz rektum pa se zbog toga uprlja ili onečisti te tako mejitu oteža odlazak na drugi svijet.

Duša napušta tijelo od nogu prema glavi. To vjerovanje ima i racionalno tumačenje jer umirućem najprije pomodre tabani i šake. Na svom putu iz tijela dušu može da uznemiri i zbuni ako je u kući galama i plač pa zato je oduvijek glavno pravilo da oko umirućeg vlada tišina i mir. U protivnom umirući će dugo i bolno umirati. Vjeruje se da isto tako griješni ljudi teško umiru i pred smrt se mnogo muče. Kako bi se ti posljednji trenuci olakšali čovjek se sa kreveta spusti na pod ili na zemlju, na prostrti ćilim, a pri tom neka zdrava osoba treba da ga izuje, da ne bi umro u čarapama, jer bi, u tom slučaju, izgubio vjeru. Ženi se obavezno skine prstenje sa ruku kako bi se olakšao duši izlazak.
Azrail kada iščupa dušu iz insana nosi je na sedmi kat nebeski i predaje je Allahu, gdje ona ostaje do kijametskog dana. Po drugom vjerovanju, melek Azrail vadi dušu iz tijela i time je njegova uloga završena. Odvojena od tijela, duša ostaje tu, u blizini, izvjesno vrijeme. Ona može da prati dešavanja sa njenim tijelom, ali bez ikakvih emocija pošto je izlaskom iz tijela postala oslobođena bilo kakvog osjećaja, u kući, na putu do mezarja a i u samom mezaru.

 

Jesi li musliman?

Kada bi umrli djevojka ili mladić iznad glave bi im se stavljao struk sedefila (ruta graveolens). Prema običaju pored mrtvaca se uvijek stavlja neka biljka upečatljivog mirisa kako bi otjerala džine od njega. Najviše se za tu priliku koristio sedefil, čijim se buketima često kitio mezar djevojke ili momka. Sedefil je, prema tome, biljka posvećena kultu mrtvih u bosanskoj tradiciji.

Čim bi čovjek izdahnuo pravila se „mrtvačka halva“ i dijelila po komšiluku. Potreba da se odlazak njegove duše u zagrobni svijet isprati sa dobrim djelima , kako bi mu se olakšao taj put, naglašena je u prije i nakon dženaze. Upravo zato se pored glave mejita stavljala posuda sa brašnom, ili pšenicom, i u njemu zabodeno nekoliko lojnih svijeća. Sutradan su se svijeće i brašno darivale sirotinji.

Po narodnom shvatanju, mejita treba što prije zakopati u zemlju. Ovisno od slučaja dženaza se obavi istog dana, a ako se smrt desila predvečer ili noću – onda sutradan. Ukoliko je čovjek umro iznenada u svom krevetu, pa ga nisu prije toga stigli spustiti na pod, da tu izdahne, onda to čine nakon što je preminuo. Glava mu se poveže maramom i pritisnu očni kapci, da bi u licu izgledao lijepo. Mrtvac se položi tako da mu je stav tijela ravan a kako bi truplo zadržalo taj položaj nekada je bio običaj da mu se svežu palčevi na nogama, dok na stomak stave neki teži predmet, poput noža, ili busena zemlje, u strahu da se ne bi tijelo mrtvaca nadulo, pošto se to tumačilo da bi se mogao „prikazati“, odnosno – postati lampir. Zbog istog razloga se zatvarala kućna mačka dok ne prođe dženaza, zbog bojazni da ne pređe preko mejita.

Mejita prekriju bijelim čaršafom i pozicioniraju ga tako da mu je desni obraz okrenut u pravcu svetog grada Mekka. Neko od ukućana, ravnim štapom, uzima mjeru mejitu, koja se naziva „unčija“ ili „ulčija“, kako bi se znala dužina za ćefine, mrtvačko platno, i kopanje mezara. Kada se mrtvac ponese iz kuće napolje, onda se jako pazi da slučajno ne bi neki njegov dio zapeo za vrata ili zid, jer ukoliko se to desi, vjeruje se, njegov duh će se vratiti u kuću i uznemiravati ukućane.
Bosanski narod je vjerovao da se i duša može vratiti kući sve dok 40 dana nakon dženaze. Stoga se iz tog razloga palilo svjetlo ili svijeće u onoj sobi gdje je mejit ležao cio taj period, kod bogatiji, a siromašnije familije bi taj ritual prakticirale samo sedam ili tri noći.
Mjesto gdje se mejit okupao prolazilo se sa vatrom, da se ne bi okupljali džini i šejtani, a soba gdje je on ležao prskala bi se vodom ili se opere „da se duša ne bi vratila“. Ako se soba pomela nakon iznošenja mrtvaca tad bi se ta metla bacala daleko od kuće

Nakon što se tijelo mrtvaca opere i svi prisutni, žene i muškarci, halale se, oproste, od mrtvaca truplo se nosi na mezarje gdje se uz molitvu obavi ukop. Vjeruje se kada hodža napusti mezarje, pošto je izgovorio sve pripadajuće sure i dove, duša ostaje u zajednici mrtvih. Zanimljivo je vjerovanje da tom prilikom, kada hodža upita mejita: “Jesi li musliman?” – mejit, u mezaru, cijelo tijelo podigne na mali prst desne ruke i spremno odgovori: “Ja sam musliman!” To čini da bi ga mrtvi primili k sebi. Očigledno je da duša, po vjerovanju, može da oživi tijelo kako bi ono bilo u stanju na taj način se podići.

Most za duše

Ovakvo shvatanje potvrđuje vjerovanje da kad se mejit sahrani njemu u kabur dolaze meleci sudije Azrail i Džibrail. Oni ispituju mrtvaca o dobrim djelima i grijehovima, pa ukoliko je griješan udaraju ga i utuku u zemlju. Narod kazuje kako ga oni mogu utući i utjerati u zemlju do 77 metara dubine. U nekim dijelovima Bosne i Hercegovine vjeruju da je za mejita najgori mogući scenario da bude zakopan u zemlju uoči utorka i subote, jer tada će ga obavezno posjetiti strašni džini zvani suhaladžije, koji mejita tuku i udaraju u mezaru sve dok mu ne smrve sve kosti.

Put sa ovog zemaljskog svijeta vodi do dženeta preko mosta zvanog sirat ćuprija, koja je, prema vjerovanju, “tanja od dlake, oštrija od mača, duga hiljadu kilometara”. Ispod ćuprije je strahovita provalija – džehenem. Tamo gori tako velika i moćna džehenemska vatra da se za nju u bosanskom narodu tvrdi da je toliko vrela i jaka da se nikako ne može usporediti sa našom zemaljskom “jer naša je isprana sa 99 voda”. Navodno, kada bi iz “pakosti” iskočila samo jedna varnica džehenemske vatre cio dunjajluk bi izgorio. Ta vatra zagrijava kotao u kome je neka crna smjesa “kao katran”, koja ključa, a kada u nju griješnici padnu prevrću se kao zrna graha u ključalom loncu.
Duša mejita sporo i dugo prelazi preko mosta (hiljadu kilometara). Taj put čovjek je mogao i da ubrza te svojoj duši olakša ukoliko bi, za života, za kurban zaklao najboljeg, zdravog ovna. Duša ovna – kurbana, vjerovalo se, prenijeće ga preko ćuprije “kao na konju”.



Ovisno od regiona Bosne i Hercegovine, i Sandžaka, narod ima svoja vjerovanja o kretanju duše. Jedan dio vjerovanja govori kako duša mejita nakon sedam dana napušta zemlju, mezarluke, kuću i preko sirat ćuprije natovarena sevapima i haramima nastoji da dođe do blaženog i vječnog života. Vjeruje se da čovjek, prilikom prelaska sirat ćuprije, sevape nosi u desnoj ruci ili na desnom ramenu, a harame na lijevom ramenu ili u lijevoj ruci, koju skriva iza leđa, pa zbog toga ide malo bočno kako bi sudija (Allah) grijehove teže uočio. Isto tako, vjeruje se, da tom prilikom glava mora biti uzdignuta, oči uperene u nebo. Tako da duša ne može ni da vidi kuda staje kad prelazi ćupriju.
Od mnoštvo drugih vjerovanja posebno je interesantno da ako je mejit za života imao seksualne odnose sa tuđom ženom, njena menstrualna krv kapat će mu u usta i on će pasti u džehenem. Istu kaznu doživjet će i onaj ko je pokudio neku djevojku, prekinuo svadbu ili nekoga ubio.

Ljubav - put ka dženetu

Kod Bošnjaka, posebno u sjeverozapadnom dijelu BiH, običaj je da skoro svaka familija ima svoje mezare, koji su često smješteni uz neposrednu blizinu kuće. Postoje dokumentirani zapisi da je bio običaj zakopavanja mrtvih u šumu, bašču ili pod grmljem. Na starim mezarima često se moglo vidjeti, posebno oko Sarajeva, iznad mezara posađeno drvo, tako da je često samo mezarje ličilo na šumu. Ova praksa bila je poznata u cijeloj zemlji. Razlog tomu je bila želja da se mrtvom osiguraju sevapi, naime, ako bi se posadila trešnja njene plodove bi jele ptice takozvana ptičija sadaka, što je trebalo olakšati duši mrtvoga. No, iza toga se vjerovatno krije mnogo dublja tradicija, ona ilirska, posvećena kultu božanstava prirode i plodnosti, Tane i Vidasusa, te bi postupak sađenja drveta pored mrtvaca imalo ulogu dara za drevne bogove, baš kao što je, na primjer, bila praksa ostavljanje dara na izvoru bogu Bindu u svrhu traženja izlječenja.

Za ljude koji šire mržnju i svađu u narodu se kaže da su "džehenemski potpalj", njima se loži i potpaljuje vatra na kojoj gore duše slične njima. Upravo na temelju takvog vjerovanja nastalo je i razmišljanje da među najveće grijehe kojima čovjek sebe može svjesno osuditi na džehenemske vatru jeste ako rastavi dvoje koji se vole, naročito muža i ženu. Taj grijeh se u narodu karakterizira toliko velikim da ga ne može poništiti niti da taj čovjek o svom trošku i svojim rukama sagradi devet džamija. Opet mu, vjeruje se, Allah neće oprostiti grijehe.

Dirljiva narodna pjesma pripovijeda:

Šetala se hazreti Fatime,
po dženetu i po džehenemu,
dženetu je vrata otvorila,
milu majku nije ugledala,
džehenemu vrata otvorila,
majka joj na dnu džehenema.
-“Šta ćeš tuder, moja mila majko?”
-“Ne pitaj me šćeri moja mila,
veliki sam grijeh učinila,
kalemu sam kalem odlomila,
pa sam bistru vodu zamutila;
zavadila momka i djevojku,
za sve bi mi Allah oprostio,
samo neće momka i djevojke…”

Koliko se ljubav među Bošnjacima tradicionalno smatra najplemenitijom i Allahu najdražom pojavom, uz koju pojedinac može steći veliki sevap i sebi otvoriti vrata dženeta, tvrdi vjerovanje koje kaže da ona osoba koja upozna dvoje, pa se oni zaljube i ožene, zaslužio je toliki sevap kod Boga da je oslobođen obaveze da cio život klanja i ide u džamiju.

Džehenem

Dok prelazi preko sirat ćuprije duši se određuje prema njenim nagrada ili kazna. Od velike težine grijeha nesretnik će brzo pasti sa ćuprije u ključali katran. Duše koje su dobre i plemenite, te imaju samim time mnogo sevapa, lako će preći sirat ćupriju i stići u dženet. Međutim, ovo vjerovanje nije jedino kod bosanskog naroda već susrećemo i pomalo drugačije. Kako narod tvrdi duša mejita miruje u mezaru ili na sedmom katu nebesa, sve do kijametskog dana. Tog dana će se sve izravnati, nestat će brda i doline i sve će biti razoreno i uništeno. O tome Časni Kur'an kazuje u suri Ez-Zilzal (Zemljotres):

Kada se Zemlja najžešćim potresom svojim potrese i kada Zemlja izbaci terete svoje, i čovjek uzvikne: „Šta joj je?!“ – tog Dana će ona vijesti svoje kazivati jer će joj Gospodar tvoj narediti. Tog Dana će se ljudi odvojeno pojaviti da im se pokažu djela njihova; onaj ko bude uradio koliko trun dobra – vidjeće ga, a onaj ko bude uradio koliko trun zla – vidjeće ga.

Mrtvim predacima se tradicionalno uče molitve pred dušu ponedjeljkom i petkom. Ono što se proučilo i halalilo, subotom se predavalo (uručivalo) na onom svijetu mrtvima. Po narodnom kazivanju proučeno se kotrlja niz veliko brdo u dolinu, kao plast sijena koji nosi vjetar, gdje duše mrtvih sa nestrpljenjem gledaju i čekaju hoće li dobiti tu duhovnu hediju od svojih najdraži. Po ovom opisu stječe se slika kako narod zamišlja zagrobni svijet, bar onaj koji je rezervisan za griješne duše, što se donekle podudara sa predstavom džehenema koji se nalazi u dubokoj provaliji. U narodnoj predodžbi duše su zarobljene unutar omeđenog prostora, sa visokim planinama i brdima, iz kojeg ne mogu pobjeći. U tom prostoru oni se i tretiraju kao zarobljenici što, između ostalog, potvrđuje i vjerovanje o isporuci molitve.

Zbog toga treba konstatirati kako u bosanskim predajama zagrobni život, naročito džehenemski, ne počinje i ne završava padom u vatru već se kroz džehenem odvijaju razne scene mučenja i zlostavljanja griješnih duša. Narod tvrdi da, na primjer, žena koja je izvršila abortus ili na neki drugi način ubila svoje dijete bit će osuđena da luđački trči za malom pticom neuspješno je želeći uhvatiti. Ptica kao personifikacija duše zastupljena je u bosanskoj mitologiji kroz misterioznu noćnu pticu Meknjaču ili pticu Plačo.

Sve ono zlo što je neki čovjek učinio u toku svog života doći će do izražaja u zagrobnom svijetu, gdje se zlodjela naglašavaju do tog stepena da postaju apsolutna, kako bi se duša direktno i na vrlo surov način suočila sa svojim grijesima.



Muke griješnih duša, prema tvrdnji bosanskog naroda, prestaju samo pet puta u toku dana, i to dok hodža uči Ezan. Zbog toga su seljaci u prošlosti znali prekidati radove u polju, kada bi začuli Ezan, jer tad i živi trebaju odmoriti, suosjećajući sa mukama onih koji ih služe u džehenemu a istovremeno da im to kratko vrijeme budu trenuci razmišljanja i opomene kako ne smiju griješiti i biti loši ljudi.

Bogumilski nauk o seobi duše

Osim toga tradicijska vjerovanja naših predaka imaju dosta snažan pečat na vijekovna duhovna razmišljanja pa ih nikako ne treba zanemarivati ukoliko se želi dobiti cjelokupni dojam. Najviše iz tog razloga što su ona još uvijek aktualna u narodnim promišljanjima.

Ostaci starih ilirsko-bogumilskih vjerovanja još uvijek su prisutni u tradiciji bosanskog naroda pa srećemo narodne predodžbe koja su u potpunoj opoziciji sa onim što propovijeda islamska tradicija. Prema kazivanju starije populacije duša ljudi koji su tokom života činili teške grijehove, zlostavljali i ubijali nedužne, neće nakon smrti završiti u džehenemu već će biti ponovo rođeni u tijelu neke životinje, najčešće domaće, poput konja, krave, svinje...kako bi u novom tijelu služili ljudima i ispravili svoja zla. Najgorom kaznom, vjeruju se, biti je rođen u tijelu svinje, pošto se ona smatra, zbog svoje prljavštinje i sklonosti jedenja mladih, demonskom životinjom. Zbog toga se ljudska duša teško ili nikad ne oslobodi tog prokletog obličja.

Ovo vjerovanje našeg naroda izrodilo je i neke humane navike ponašanja prema životinjama, posebno prema psima, što dokazuju i neki pisani podaci. U prošlosti Sarajlije su bile sklone hraniti pse lutalice zbog bojaznosti da u nekom od njih nije stacionirana čovječija duša. Velikim sevapom se i danas smatra nahraniti kuju koja se oštenila, o čemu je pisao i Antun Hangi u svom djelu o životu Bošnjaka. Da je vjerovanje u postojanje ljudske duše u životinjama, posebno domaćim, najbolje svjedoči tradicionalna izjava upozorenja koja se često može čuti: "hajvan ne zna halaliti!" Time se sugeriralo da se sa životinjama čovjek ophodi lijepo i sa brigom "jer nikad ne znaš u kojoj od njih može biti ljudska duša!"

Bijela boja - simbol žalosti

Dok se žaluje za mrtvim članom familije žene su izbjegavale nositi odjeću crvene boje već se isključilo u periodu tugovanja nosila bijela odjeća. Crna se nikako nije oblačila jer se to smatralo grijehom. Žene bi, isto tako, poskidale nakit sa sebe i ne bi ga nosile narednih 40 dana, a neke od njih nisu to radile niti godinu ili dvije. Za vrijeme žalosti niko od članova familije ne organizuje svadbu niti ide ako je pozvan, ne pjeva, ne veseli se.

Za Kurban bajram kolje se ovan pred dušu umrlog.  Ako je rahmetlija oporukom odredio da mu se kurban zakolje tada se zaklani ovan mora sav podijeliti sirotinji, dok u drugim slučajevima samo krv ide pred njegovu dušu, a meso mogu pojesti ukućani. U Sarajevu je bio običaj da se lijeva strana kurbana podijeli sirotinji a desna strana ostaje familiji. U Jajcu uoči Bajrama dijelila se halva i somuni „za dušu umrloga“. U Bihaću su uoči oba Bajrama nosili halvu i pite pred džamiju pa ih tu dijelili djeci „za dušu umrloga“.
Za oprost grijeha mrtvacu bio je običaj da se dijeli „čagate“ (kefaret) odnosno u papiru zamotana suma novca sa kojom jedna osoba može sebi obezbjediti ručak. Čageta se dijelila i prvih sedam dana nakon dženaze, i to po sedam čageta za sedam najsiromašnijih kuća u mahali ili četrdeseti dan.

Karl Steiner, liječnik iz Ljubinja, u svom radu Bosanska narodna medicina, zapaža da Bošnjaci smrt ne smatraju nečim nikako groznim već da svakog petka, a često i u druge dane, rado se skupljaju na mezarjima na razgovor i odmaranje, što autor smatra dokazom velikog poštovanja prema predacima. Ono što je zanimljivo jeste da autor naglašava da pri tim sastancima nema nikakvog tužnog raspoloženja kod okupljenih ljudi već da se kod sviju osjeća opuštenost i raspoloženje a posebno kod mladih. Bošnjaci čak imaju i vrlo poseban običaj da na nišanima naprave mala udubljenja kako bi se skupljala kišnica za ptice ali i ostavljala hrana za njih.
Povezivanje  ptica sa mrtvima odnosno mezarjima nije nimalo slučajno jer osim što je ptica u bosanskoj mitologiji personifikacija duše, njena simbolika je znatno dublja i vodi nas sve do ilirskog religioznih vjerovanja u kojima se spominju ptice koju su vukle kočiju boga Sunca po nebu, istog onog koji se svaki dan „rađa“ na istoku i „umire“ na zapadu. Očito je da su naši preci ptice smatrali dušama , svetim životinjama, što ima svoje uporište i u bogumilskom  učenju kako je smrtni grijeh ubijati životinje a posebno ptice i uništavati njihova jaja.



Poštovanje prema mrtvima je od davnina  sastavni dio bosanske  duhovne tradicije. Prolazeći pored mezarja još i danas stariji ljudi imaju naviku zastati pa proučiti Fatihu za mrtve; prvo za božijeg poslanika Muhameda, onda umrlog te na kraju za sve mrtve.

Serbs - mythological children of the swine

In certain folk stories and legends the Serbs are called "sons of swine" or "children of the swine", and for their largest saint tradition claim that he was able to transform into this animal.


Namely, in folk story, St. Sava was attacked and disturbed by the devil himself, usually why he slept, therefore he turned into a pig and lied down among the other pigs in order to fool the devil and have his rest. Of course all those stories are not accidental but are directly connected to the physiognomy of the people. Average Serb is fat and the face resembles a swine. The most obvious example that demonstrates this is the face of the war criminal Slobodan Milošević, better known as the Balkan Hitler, on whose face the resemblance with a swine is most evident.

 Way of life itself among the Serbs also corresponds to the life of this animal since a large part of the population is prone to alcoholism, among the folk there is a saying "you're as drunk as a pig", and their hygienic habits are pretty bad. Belgrade is one of the dirtiest cities in the Balkans where city dump and garbage, as well as the horrid smell of the sewer is seen on every corner.

Besides, swine in Bosnian mythology is a dirty animal in which evil people turn into so that their soul in the body of the swine would suffer and so release them from their sins.

Old legend about the grave of the Turkish soldier

 

On the territory of Sanski Most there is no place that so many myths, legends and folk tales are related to it like the place Kamengrad, a tame Bosnian village located next to the motorway which connects Sanski Most with Bosanska Krupa. On a steep ridge which rises above the village are the remnants of a medieval fort. At first sight one can see that the builders took care where to build the fort. The place where the fort is located is accessible only from one side, which states that Kamengrad was difficult to occupy. It was built by the Hungarian princes Babonić which lived on the mouth of rivers Sana into Una, on the place which is today called Bosanski Novi.

540 years ago, this area was a scene of bloody battles. In the valley underneath the fort in Kamengrad was a large army camp of the Turkish sultan Mehmed Fatih. Some time before that, Ključ was occupied, the last city of medieval Bosnia. That's when the last Bosnian king Stjepan Tomašević was executed. An old legend claims that the battle lasted shortly, but it was bloody. Hungarian crew which defended the fort was cut down until the last person. The Turkish army also suffered losses. The old Shahid (martyr) cemetery bellow the fort. Grave stones are still standing which were built more than five centuries ago.

The attention of visitors is drawn by the stone sarcophagus. Folk tales say that this is the resting place of a Turkish soldier - carrier of the flag (bajraktar - flag carrier) which showed great courage. He obtained over fifty wounds during the battle, but he still boldly charged the Hungarian fort. In the heat of the battle the soldier's head was cut off. Legend says that he descended the hill carrying his severed head under his arm. Only when a woman saw him and screamed in terror did the soldier fall to the ground. That's where he was buried.

Bad luck for evil doers

Inhabitants of Kamengrad always paid special attention to this grave. Close to this sarcophagus a Bajraktar's (flag carrier's) mosque was built which was destroyed by the Serbian army during the aggression onto BiH. It is considered that this place was blessed by special mercy by God, since the man in the sarcophagus died on the road of Allah's faith. That's why since the old days Bajraktar's graveyard is a place of pilgrimage. From this place in the last hundred years countless prayers were sent. The diseased prayed to be cured, soldiers to return alive from the war, parents for their children to be happy in life, agricultural workers for a fruitful year...

Legend claims that everyone who tried to destroy the soldier's grave was struck by god's wrath. In WWII the grave was desecrated two times. Both men which committed this died soon. And at the time of aggression on Bosnia (1992-1995) the Serbian army placed explosives into the stone sarcophagus which failed to explode. The man who was placing it, was struck by a stroke the next day. The grave of the Turkish soldier remained untouched.

The older inhabitants claim that the ghost of the soldier appeared a couple of times. It always happened during the night. The apparition, holding its head under its arm, radiated with a weird glow climbing the hill towards the old fort - it happened the inhabitants claimed, always before large wars. That's what happened prior to the aggression onto Bosnia in 1992.

Whoever manages to read the ancient symbols - will cause flooding of the world!

Legend says that the locals fighting a flood in "Raspuklina" on "Pisana stijena" threw clay from the rocks, unwashed sheep wool, uncooked eggs and honey combs with wax. The spring went dry, the mountain "closed"! But, because of the danger of the letter being deleted, or "interpreted", will the prophecy from the legend come true?

Prior to the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina the village Žlijeb was one of the most beautiful and best populated villages in the Višegrad county. Serbian aggression left devastating consequences on this part of the Višegrad county, the village was left without houses and inhabitants. All that was left of the village is the name.

Pisana stijena (Pisana rock)

The reason why this place became a place of mysterious legends is because of the steep rock on the slopes of Tara and Dikava, which were called by the folk Pisana stijena. Drawings or prehistoric symbols, for which the experts claim are the first indications of a pictographic or pictorial writing, leave no body indifferent.

-Once upon a time out of the rock a powerful stream of water burst creating a cave...Together with the river towards Drina it flooded the most fertile land. In the fight with the flood, especially when it rained, the inhabitants threw clay from the stones, unwashed sheep wool, uncooked eggs and honey combs with wax into "raspuklina".

Weird signals

The stream dried out, the mountain "closed", but the water burst onto the other side of Tara, into Perućica. The rock broke, the stream gushed onto the other side! Still to this day it springs and forms a river only 365 meters long, which is why people call her "river year".

Legends say that someone recorded that event onto "Pisana stijena"! To this day no one managed to read or interpret what is written. But, this miraculous story doesn't end here. The legend continues:

-When the letter is completely deleted or fully read the water will burst again from the "Pisana stijena"! As the altitude of the crack, especially during the summer time, the water appears and "deletes" the letters, the concern becomes greater that the prophecy will come true.

Holly stone of the Bogomils

Though there is a small number of documents which would significantly which would shed light on a mystery called "Old man-stone" from the folk legends, we can conclude that this holly object is positioned next to a twisting road north-west from the village Osoja and Gačica more than a thousand years ago. On first sight we can see that we're not talking about a sarcophagus, but a sacral object which once served for religious rituals of the Bosnian Bogomils.


In the book "History of Bosnia and Herzegovina" historians claim that in the tenth century, or even earlier, in this area the Bogomils appeared, which in the Slavic sources were also called Babuni (baboons). Franjo Rački related them to Patarens and he claimed that they were the originators of Bosnian Patarens. According to the research of Rački, Bogomil's were dualists. They believed that the spirit and the invisible spirit world were created by god, and material, physical are the act of the devil or Satanijel, which represents evil, and everything that occurred in the age of the Old Testament (Torah) were the act of the devil and that's why Moses and the prophets were damned. Bogomil's didn't have a classic church as a place for prayers, instead they performed their religious rites in a simple house, which was called hiža, or on specific places in nature. Bogomils disappeared from these areas with the advent of the Ottomans, though there is data that they dwelt there in a much smaller number until the twelfth century.

Holly place of healing

Old man stone is saddle shaped, and when a man sits in its saddle he is turned exactly towards east. Around the stone is a masterfully etched stopien where Grandfathers sat, Bogomil priests, who placed their hands on the worshipers. There are no religious symbols on the old man stone, and there are no other etched symbols. Even after the conversion of the Bogomils to Islam, the Bosnian folk were still in awe of the "old man stone". They even believed in its healing powers, and when sick, they would bring their cattle there and they claim that they received help every time. Especially during the time of threshing wheat, when the horse couldn't urinate, they would bring him there, they would go around the "old man stone" three times and the horse would be cured every time.

State decision

That there were always inhabitants around this Bogomil sacral place is proved by the stream close by which was enlisted as one having the clearest drinking water. The stronger the winter, the warmer the water in the stream, and the hotter the summer, the cooler the water got. Before, when there were no waterworks, settlement was built around clear drinking water. Many years on the right side of the stream there was a place for doing laundry which was frequented by women from the village.

That "old man stone" is an object of historical importance for this area, is confirmed by the fact that the Yugoslav historians protected the monument by state decision 980/51 when during the fifties the military industry was being built up in Vitez.

Serbs - slaves from the Carpathian

The word "Slav" stems from the Latin word "sclav" which means slave. According to historians the Romans brought, in order to control the Illyrians, from the Carpathian slaves and settled them across Illyrian lands.

There they were inhabited and they mixed with the Illyrians and so the Illyrians, fragmented and demographically weakened due to forced war on the side of the Romans, over time assimilated and took the Slavic language. Settlement of the Slavs by large circumvented Sandžak, Bosnia and Dalmatia, where according to genetic research the Illyrian gene was most notable, but with time the Slav groups managed to settle in those areas as well.

Because of the fact that the Slavs circled the Illyrians from all sides in large numbers, the Illyrians didn't manage to keep their ethnic independence, but despite that, they had a larger religious influence on Slavs then they had on the Illyrians, which is best witnessed by the snake cult, but also other segments of Illyrian beliefs.

Successors of Slavs in our region are Serbs, Montenegrins and to a smaller extent Croats, and the successors of the Roman empire are the Byzantines. The thing that is easily recognisable today and what clearly confirms their slave origin is the great pains that numerous historians of these people go through to create fiction and myths about an ancient and glorious past, all the while trying find their non-existent roots for centuries across Europe and the entire world, making up various theories in which they give themselves a lot of praiseworthy imagination: in one fantasy they are descendants of the Atlántida's, in another of Jesus Christ, in the third they come from Summery, Babylon ... and when that is not enough they turn to space to find their home planet. All of this is a psychological example of serious complexes because of their own identity and at the same time the biggest issue of the Serbs - impossibility of facing reality. Another recognisable complex is ascribing or better yet stealing others cultural heritage, since they apparently have the right to it as a people who are at least ten thousand years old. As in old Yugoslavia, also in a more distant past, usually the ethnologists and anthropologists were Serbs, they used this to assimilate numerous cultural customs of smaller nations or minorities and dub them as their own, in order to show that all neighbouring people actually stem from them, so they can practice hegemony over them. Today when you analyze "Serb cultural heritage" (if it even exists), you will find numerous parts of culture of surrounding people from Bosnia, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo,...

All of this is very similar, almost identical, with the history of the Jews who were slaves for many centuries and that's why they created a myth about themselves as "heavenly people" and they appropriated Syrian, Afghan, Egyptian and Persian religious and cultural elements in creating their religion and identity which stems, like the Serb one, on the idea that they are the oldest people in the world and that everything belongs to them. Both people nurture nationalism which long past turned into Nazism, idea of superiority over others, and as such has caused wars and genocide like the one over the Palestinians and Bosnians. There are a lot more parallels between these two people with the identity complex but most impressive is arrogance, hatred and despise which they alone use to view other nations and people.

But, let's return to the past and data about the origin of the Serbs i.e. slaves from the Carpathian. Serbs are people who are mentioned for the first time in the 7^th century. The word "Serb" according to numerous historians, stems from the Greek word "servus" which also means slave. The evidence are as follows:

1      King Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his work "De Administrando Imperio" around 950 wrote the following about the origin of their name: "Serbs in Byzantine language is a word that denotes slaves and in that language usually with the word "serbula" denotes footwear of the slaves, and the word "serboulianous" denotes those that wear cheap, peasant clothes. The Serbs got that name since they became slaves of the Byzantine emperor."

2      Similarly archbishop Giljeljmo Tirski (1139-1186) in his document called "Monumenta Montenegrina" wrote: "...and all of these people have the origin from those that live in that region, sent and brought into exile, punished to cut marble and dig ores, and that's where their name comes from slavery - "servitutis"..."

As Constantine Porphyrogenitus describes, Serbs were slaves in the Byzantine empire. They requested from the emperor to let them go back into their lands into the far north. So he wrote:

"After some time, those same Serbs decided to go back to their homes (go back to Carpathia), and the emperor allowed it. But when they crossed the river Danube (Danoubin) they changed their minds and they sent a plea to emperor Heraclitus, through a military commander which was at the time in Belegradon, to offer them another land for them to inhabit.

And since the thing that is Serbia and Pagany today and the so called land Zahloumon and Terbounia and land Kanalita, was under the rule of the Byzantine emperor, the mentioned lands were ravaged by Avars, the emperor inhabited the same slaves (Serbs) in those lands so they can be obedient to the Byzantine emperor. In order to subjugate them completely the emperor brought priests from Roma and christened them and though them how to do penance and thought them Christian doctrine".

Here lies the answer to the question why the Byzantine favoured Slavic occupation of the Balkan which was shown in 668 when over 30 000 Slavs were recruited to fight the Muslim khalifa.

Bat and donkey

One of the oldest spells of Bosnian love magic is the use of bats as props for casting a spell. When it is caught, the bat is slaughtered with a golden or silver coin and a spindle is used to puncture the middle of its body, that hole is wrapped with golden threads in order to form a circle. Actually, the entire bat is wrapped with golden threads so that nothing else can be seen besides the hole in the body which will be used to look at the person whose love is desired. While the girl is looking through the body of the bat she utters: "With god's help as this bat flew through the air blind, so too you shall be blind by love towards me!"
Besides this, the brain of a donkey is often used, a piece of the brain to be exact, which is mixed into a cake or another meal and offered to the person whose love one desired. Exactly because of this spell among the Bosnian people there is a saying about a man who is overly interested into a woman: "She must have given him some donkey brain to eat!"

Love formula for arrival

In the past when a Bosnian girl wanted to make a young man visit her using a spell, she would get into bed and repeat the following formula seven times:


I laid on seven mattresses,
onto seven sheets,
onto seven pillows
and my dear N (name) onto seven knives,
onto seven swords
and onto seven rifles - may he not be able to live,
may he not be able to breathe,
may the sun not shine on him,
until he sees me,
kisses me and comes to me!


If the formula is uttered with a lot of passion and belief, it can have a fascinating effect, namely, according to folk tales, the young man that the girl mentioned in her formula will be struck by a mysterious longing and desire to see the girl and he will immediately go to see her. If on the other hand he tries to resist the urge he will be drenched in sweat and red dots will appear on his skin.
In order to prevent the girl from casting such spells the boy has to go to her house in secret and urinate on the door hinges with which he will neutralise all her future attempts of influencing him with love magic.

Bosnian love magic: Love knots

To "tie" her husband to herself and secure a long common life, a woman pulls from her underpants and her husband's underpants a long thread. Then she connects them together and ties seven knots on it. Prior to any knot tying the woman repeats the prayer Ihlas and utters:
"on Friday I tied you to myself and your thoughts, kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"on Saturday I tied you to myself and your eyes, kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"on Sunday I tied you to myself and your ears, kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"on Monday I tied you to myself and your mouth, kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"On Tuesday I tied you to myself and your arms kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"on Wednesday I tied you to myself and your legs, kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)
"on Thursday I tied you to myself and your entire body! kaf, nun - kun" (blows into the knot)

The thread with the knots is worn for seven days on the right side of the body, in the bra, and then placed under the doorstep of the house.

Bosnian love magic: Blood of a dead chicken

A chicken egg is buried into horse manure and is left there for 21 days. After that the egg is dug up and in it, according to folk belief, a chicken will appear. The egg is cracked and the chicken is slaughtered with a gold coin. Using its blood one smears a body part of the person whose love one craves. Of course, this needs to be done discretely so that the person doesn't notice anything.

Illyrians - the largest mystery of Europe

That are ancestors, the Illyrians, were a warlike, mystical people, with shaman cults is known regardless of the fact that there is little data about them. But, the thing that is more interesting is the fact that it has been written by Roman historians, such as Pliny, that among the Illyrians there were many magicians, healers and clairvoyants of high regard, known across the Roman Empire.
Illyrian religion constituted numerous shaman cults where among the most important deities were those that represented symbols of the cult of fertility - god Vidasus (Cernunnos, Pan) and Tana (Diana, Aradia). Similarly, among the numerous spirits and god's of the earth (nature) and sky, the dominant place was occupied by the snake, incarnation of the Grand Mother, to whom the hearth and threshold were dedicated. Still today in Bosnia it is traditionally believed that every house has its own snake protector, which protects the home and family from evil and bad luck. That this belief is not one of the many but very important, but also holly, is confirmed by its taboo - if the snake is accidentally or on purpose killed, the owner of the house will die.
According to a legend the snake is not only the protector of the house but also planet earth. Namely, in Bosnian mythology it is mentioned that above earth there is a gigantic snake which formed a circle with its body (bit its own tail) around the planet and in that way it protects it from all danger and bad luck, which additionally justifies her name of a protector.
Illyrian are equally prone to worshiping both earth spirits and gods as well as celestial ones, among which we will single out sun and moon as well as the stars. Belief of the Illyrians that stars are the seats of the human soul reveals an intriguing fact that our ancestors considered that they stem from another planet, i.e. space.
Traditional belief about Bosnia claims that one should not gaze at the stars at night because of the fear that at that moment one of them doesn't "fall", because if it happens to be the star of that person, the person will die immediately?! Analysing certain segments of Illyrian legends and beliefs, such as the one about the black dragon, god of evil, which attacks the sun and moon trying to swallow them (black out), we can see parts of the ancient myth about the demise of a civilization or even planets from which the ancestors of the Illyrians escaped.
Representation of the snake as the Grand Mother, symbol of life, and protector of humans from one side and the black dragon, god of evil, which constantly attacks sun and moon, trying to devour them and cause the end of life on earth, and humans themselves, is an ancient myth about the struggle of good and evil. But, behind it all is something much deeper and mystic. We could refer here to the theory of David Icke about the reptilian race of earth, which is present from the ancient times of Sumerian and Babylon, whose symbols are represented in various segments of the ruling families throughout the world.
If we recap the history of religion at its very beginning we will come to an obvious fact that today's monotheistic god is twice as young as all pagan gods, and that the teaching of monotheism cannot be taken seriously in the attempts to fathom the history of the human race and its genesis, irrespective of the fact that monotheism, especially Christianity, took numerous segments of the pagan religion. The oldest religious movement which is familiar to us is the Neolithic cult of the Grand Mother, which is called the first and oldest deity in human history. And the Grand Mother is what connects the Illyrians with the reptiles (snake, dragon, salamander) and their alien heritage or ancient race from which they stem.

What connects Bosnia and India?

There is a large possibility that the Illyrians had some connection or even common heritage with the people from India, which can be grasped if we analyse certain legends from Bosnian mythology. The most interesting tale about the mysterious creatures called utve zlatokrile - half humans, half birds, which didn't have sexual distinctions. It is claimed that they have escaped to Bosnia from India, "that cursed land".
Another rarity of the Bosnian people but also connection with India is located in the traditional belief in the migration of the human's soul into an animal and vice versa (reincarnation), which is actually the basic concept of the Bogomils in Bosnia during the Middle ages. How much this belief was widespread and accepted from the folk is best witnessed from the fact that still today in the 21^st century, there are old people who prolong the belief about the migration of the soul. In Velika Kladuša there are still old ladies from which you can hear the claim that evil people, especially murderers and thieves, turn into cows after death, horses, pigs, etc. so that they could repay their sins in the new life, serving other people. This traditional belief, which is found in total opposition about the classic monotheistic maxim of the soul leaving to heaven or hell, clearly points to the deep rooted belief about reincarnation among the Bosnian people.

Third eye or stars

In the end, we will return to the beginning of the text which speaks about the Illyrians as skilled mages and clairvoyants and the part about the belief in the connection of humans and stars in the sky and we will compare all that with the hinduistic teaching about chakras. Ajna or the sixth chakra is located in the middle of the forehead, above the eyebrows, and is connected with the pineal gland which is inactive in most humans, and it gives the ability of telepathy, clairvoyance, astral projection, etc. to mystics. This sixth chakra is often called the third eye and can be seen on ancient drawings of numerous deities.
In Illyrian-Bosnian tradition the third eye is called "star" which has the function to connect man with its star in the sky, seat of the soul. In practice this belief is widespread among the stravarke which annul negative energy while performing the ritual, using molten lead, covering their forehead with their hand i.e. their "star" for fear of negative energy blocking their invisible connection with the star in the sky. As each one of them claim, if that would happen, it could be possible for them to lose their mind and fall ill physically.
This ritual process directly goes in favour of the assumption that the Illyrian believed that they stem from another planet, with which they stayed in contact through the "star" on their forehead or the third eye. Or that their astral bodies descended to earth and populated it in the bodies of some ancient human beings. From that event it is easy to assume that through the generations they lost the precise detail from which part of the universe and from which planet they came so they considered all of the stars to be seats of the soul and their genesis.

Short history of Bogomils in Bosnia

Pope Pius II (1458-1464) in his work "Cosmografia" wrote while describing the Adriatic countries: "Behind Albania come the Illyrian people towards the west and north. This people were called the Slaves in our time and they call themselves Bosniaks, other Dalmatians, third Croats, Istrians and Carniolans".

Bosnia - land of the Bogomils


The first mention of heresy in Bosnia stems from the first half of the 10^th century. In the letter of Pope Ivan X, sent to an archbishop from Split and the local clergy in 925, a complaint is mentioned that in the neighbouring diocese or land (referring to Bosnia), there is a science  "located in holly books". The Pope rebukes them for not paying attention and "tacitly approving it". Though here there is no direct mention of who the heretics were, nor is there mention of the character of their teachings, but there is mention that it is not "in the holly books", this clearly implies that the Pope saw it as heresy. That it refers to Bosnia and its heretics is quite clear since in the later period Bosnia was the only country in this part of Europe where heresy developed and where it, so to speak, gained the status of  state religion. (Source: F. Šišić, Manual on Croatian history, I/1 Zagreb 1914., p.215.)
Another important document confirms that the Bogomils were present in Bosnia in the 10^th century.Anselmo Canterburyjski (San Anselmo) from Alexandria in Italy, which lived and worked in the 13th century, in one of his documents mentions that "the heretics were initially in Bosnia from where they spread their teachings to Lombardy, and from there towards France, from where it arrived to Orleans in 1022 and into Arras in 1025." (Source: A. Dondaine, Le Tractatus de hereticis d'Alexandrie, Arch. Fr. Praedic, XX, Rome 1950., p. 308-324).

Letter of the Roman Pope Gregory IX about Bosnia as a nest of heretics


"In his letters from 1232 to 1239 (pope Gregory IX) mentions heretics in Bosnia several times. Thus on May 30^th 1233 he wrote to the cardinal Jakov Prenestinsky his legate in Bosnia, that with sorrow he discerned from his report, that the Bosnian bishop fell "into the bitterness of the crazy heresy ". That's why he ordered to place two, three or four bishops?! (though he has no support in Bosnia).
About the Bosniaks he says: "About the inhabitants of that country he says, that they are poor in estate, and rich in wickedness, since in most part they are infected with wickedness of heresy". (Pope doesn't hide his hatred towards the Bosniaks and confirms that Bosnia is mostly heretic but despite that he plans to place bishops in Bosnia?!)
In the second letter from February 13^th 1234 Gregory IX wrote: "such is the multitude of infidels in Bosnia and surrounding areas, that the entire country (Bosnia) weeps and aches, barren and impassable". On August 8^th 1236 the pope wrote to Sibislav, the duke of Usora, son of the former king of Bosnia Stephen (Stepan Kulinić), that "he received with joy the news that he is among the dukes of the Bosnian diocese?! (which never existed), which are infected by the taint of heretic wickedness, like a lily among thorns".
From this letter one can clearly conclude that the pope clearly wrote to one catholic among the Bosnian nobility, commending him for not falling into heresy like all the other Bosnian nobility. He mentions that in the letters, which he wrote to Ancila, the mother of Sibislav and to Hungarian bishops (since there are no Bosnian bishops), to whom he recommends Sibislav and his mother".  (Source: Dominik Mandić "Bosnia and Herzegovina volume II: Bogomil church of Bosnian Christians" p. 33-34).

Letter of Pope Ivan XII 1319 to Croatian liege Mladin Šubić


"They are learning disastrous heretical fallacies. Every believer has to stand up against such people and destroy them in order to up root their poisonous anger to prevent contamination of other believers. We often, with great sorrow, listened, from credible sources, that the land of the Bosniaks is the home to heretics, that churches are being abandoned, the clergy has been up rooted, Christian sanctities are being trudged on, the cross is not being respected, moreover, there is no sacrament of christening".

Bosniaks - dualists


"Dialogus contra manichaeos in Bosna" translated "Dialogue against Manichaeism in Bosnia" is the work of Jakob de Marchia who was placed as the vicar of Bosnia and main inquisitor by the Roman curia. This work which was written on the ground of Bosnia describes the Bosniaks as Manichaeists  and as bi-fundamental heretics (dualists). In the dialogue it is mentioned that they baptize themselves with the book, and not water, similarly to the western Cathars, which is the original spiritual, dualistic baptism called consolamentum.
The work "Dialogus contra manichaeos in Bosnia" was in the hands of church censors in 1697 when the issue was canonization of Jakov (Jakob)  Markijski (de Marchia). Since then the work has been lost. Censors Johannes Bapt. Lucini and Jochannes Bapt. Barberio exhausted the content of the work and incorporated it into their analysis which is contained in a collective work called "Monumenta canonizationis B. Jacobi de Marchia" which is in Rome.
Jakob de Marchia who was labelled a saint was a doctor of canonical law and a great fighter against heresy. Senate of Dubrovnik called him "the most elegant sower of the Lords word". His lack of success in converting Bosnian Patarens he justified to the pope by claiming that he lacked support from the royal couple Tvrtko II and Dorothea. Dorothea and Tvrtko became very unpopular among the Franciscans, which called Dorothea an "evil woman".

They would rather die than accept orthodoxy


One of the four grand inquisitors which were labelled saints by the Roman church is inquisitor Capistran (Giovanni de Capistrano) which was also known as the expert on heresy. In his letter to pope Kalisto III 4/7/1455 wrote: "Bosnian Christians are not members of the Eastern church, nay they would rather die in disbelief, than accept the religion of the Rašan (Serbs)."  (Ref: Franjo Šanjek Phenomenon "krstjani (Christians)" in medieval Bosnia and Hum, collection of works.)
How much hatred and revolt there was against the Pope, and the eastern church - which at one moment had a competition who will commit greater genocide over the Bogomils - is best confirmed by this letter according to which the Bogomils inclined towards the Ottomans as protectors against Christian evil (inquisition) and murdering.
At the end of 1456 pope's legate Ivan Karahal sent Nikola Barbucini to king Tomaš in order to talk him into declaring war against the Ottomans in unison with Hungary. After the stay and discussion with the Bosnian king, Barbucini sent a report to the pope's. legate that Tomaš is willing to go to war against the Ottomans but that "he can't because of the Manichaeists which are still a majority in Bosnia, and which love the Ottomans more than the Christians..". The statement that the Bosnian king gave to Barbuicini was repeated literally, three years later in 1459 in his letter to pope Pius II.